Using a precisely-tuned and unique process focusing on dielectric permittivity of moisture and EC, making it the only commercially-available research-grade sensor requiring no calibration across turf/soil types. Surface temperature is measured using a thermistor in the plate that rests on the turf (POGO Pro) or via an infrared sensor (POGO Pro+). Soil temperature is measured via depth-adjustable stainless steel probe (POGO Pro+ only).